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The Free Soil Party, also called the Free Democratic Party or the Free Democracy, [3] was a political party in the United States from 1848 to 1854, when it merged into the Republican Party. The party was focused on opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories of the United States .
The National Liberty Party attracted sparse support; Smith received votes in only four states, including his native New York, where he polled 2,454 votes (0.56%). [27] The Free Soil platform of 1848 provided the policy basis for the antislavery coalition that would come to power in the election of 1860 as the Republican Party. [28]
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Merged into: Free Soil Party and Republican Party: 1840 1848 Know Nothing Party: 1845–1860 Nativism [76] Merged into: Constitutional Union Party (South) and Republican Party (North) 1844 1860 Free Soil Party: 1849–1857 Abolitionism [77] Merged into: Republican Party: 1848 1855 Union Party: 1851–1853 Conditional unionism [78] 1850 1853 ...
After 1848, the party's grassroots infrastructure was absorbed into the Free Soil Party, and the loyalty of most Liberty leaders and voters transferred to the new organization. A remnant led by Smith and Goodell persisted until 1860 under various names. From his seat in the Senate, Chase emerged as one of the leaders of the Free Soil Party.
The Republican Party absorbed many of the previous traditions of its members, who had come from an array of political factions, including Working Men, [Note 1] Locofoco Democrats, [Note 2] Free Soil Democrats, [Note 3] Free Soil Whigs, [Note 4] anti-slavery Know Nothings, [Note 5] Conscience Whigs, [Note 6] and Temperance Reformers of both parties.
The "Free Soil" element emphasized that rich enslavers would move into new territory, use their cash to buy up all the good lands, then use enslaved people to work the lands, leaving little opportunity room for free farmers. By 1854, the Free Soil Party had largely merged into the new Republican Party. [3]
In 1851, a coalition of Democratic and Free Soil legislators gained control of the Massachusetts General Court. In exchange for Free Soil support for Democratic governor George Boutwell, the Free Soil Party named Sumner its choice for U.S. Senate. Despite the private agreement, conservative Democrats opposed his candidacy and called for a less ...