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Bournville (/ ˈ b ɔːr n v ɪ l /) is an affluent model village on the southwest side of Birmingham, England, founded by the Quaker Cadbury family for employees at its Cadbury's factory, [2] and designed to be a "garden" (or "model") village [3] where the sale of alcohol was forbidden. [4]
The most comprehensive expression of the Arts and Crafts spirit within Birmingham however was the suburb of Bournville, which was developed from 1894 by George Cadbury as a model village for workers from his nearby factory, and was largely designed by the architect William Alexander Harvey, a pupil of Bidlake appointed at the young age of 22. [97]
William Lever's Port Sunlight had a village green and its houses espoused an idealised rural vernacular style. [7] Quaker industrialists, George Cadbury and Rowntrees built model villages by their factories. Cadbury built Bournville between 1898 and 1905 and a second phase from 1914 and New Earswick was built in 1902 for Rowntrees. [11]
George Cadbury was the son of John Cadbury, a tea and coffee dealer, and his wife Candia. [1]The Cadburys were members of the Society of Friends or Quakers.. He worked at a school for adults on Sundays with no pay, despite only going to the school himself till he was fifteen. [2]
Owing to George Cadbury's Quaker beliefs, he sought to provide decent quality homes in a healthy environment which could be afforded by Cadburys workers. The houses were designed by architect William Alexander Harvey. In 1900, Bournville Village Trust (BVT) was founded to administer and develop the village and its surroundings. [2]
Cadbury developed the business with his brother Benjamin, and later his sons Richard and George. George developed the Bournville estate, a model village designed to improve the living conditions of company employees. Dairy Milk chocolate, introduced in 1905, used a higher proportion of milk within the recipe compared with rival products.
Houses at 10-12 Sycamore Road, Bournville, are typical. The village was a low rise development with a good provision of public and private open space. From 1900, development of the village became the responsibility of the Bournville Village Trust. Harvey remained in the Trust's employment until 1904 when he set up his own architectural practice.
In 1893, George Cadbury bought 120 acres (49 ha) of land close to the works and planned, at his own expense, a model village which would 'alleviate the evils of modern more cramped living conditions'. By 1900, the estate included 313 cottages and houses set on 330 acres (130 ha) of land.