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The most commonly used alcohol is methanol, producing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). When ethanol is used fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) are created. Other alcohols used for the production of biodiesel include butanol and isopropanol. Fatty acid ethyl esters are biomarkers for the consumption of ethanol (alcoholic beverages). [1] [2] [3]
One reason for using FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) in biodiesel production, rather than free fatty acids, is to mitigate the potential corrosion they can cause to metals of engines, production facilities, and related infrastructure. While free fatty acids are only mildly acidic, over time they can lead to cumulative corrosion.
Glycerides, which are fatty acid esters of glycerol, are important esters in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids, and making up the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Esters of carboxylic acids with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones.
Most typically, the reaction entails the use of methanol (MeOH) to give fatty acid methyl esters: RCO 2 CH 2 –CHO 2 CR–CH 2 O 2 CR + 3 MeOH → 3 RCO 2 Me + HOCH 2 –CHOH–CH 2 OH. FAMEs are less viscous than the precursor fats and can be purified to give the individual fatty acid esters, e.g. methyl oleate vs methyl palmitate.
Fatty acids are mainly used in the production of soap, both for cosmetic purposes and, in the case of metallic soaps, as lubricants. Fatty acids are also converted, via their methyl esters, to fatty alcohols and fatty amines, which are precursors to surfactants, detergents, and lubricants. [17]
An ester of a carboxylic acid.R stands for any group (typically hydrogen or organyl) and R ′ stands for any organyl group.. In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R ′). [1]
Pages in category "Fatty acid esters" The following 34 pages are in this category, out of 34 total. ... Methyl ricinoleate; Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids;
Citric acid – food acid; Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids – emulsifier; Citrus red 2 – color (red) Cloves – Cochineal – color (red) Coconut oil – a cooking oil, high in saturated fat – particularly used in baking and cosmetics. Sage (Salvia officinalis) – Copper complexes of chlorophylls – color ...