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The epilogue shows Turing committed suicide on June 7, 1954, after a year of government-mandated hormonal therapy. In 2013, Queen Elizabeth II granted him a posthumous Royal Pardon . Historians estimate that breaking Enigma shortened the war by over two years, saving over 14 million lives; and Turing's work was an important step towards today's ...
Benedict Cumberbatch at the premiere of the film at TIFF, September 2014. The Imitation Game is a 2014 British-American historical thriller film about British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, a key figure in cracking Nazi Germany's Enigma code that helped the Allies win the Second World War, only to later be criminally prosecuted for his ...
Among the 88 possible unique elementary cellular automata, Rule 110 is the only one for which Turing completeness has been directly proven, although proofs for several similar rules follow as simple corollaries (e.g. Rule 124, which is the horizontal reflection of Rule 110). Rule 110 is arguably the simplest known Turing complete system. [2] [5]
In computability theory, a system of data-manipulation rules (such as a model of computation, a computer's instruction set, a programming language, or a cellular automaton) is said to be Turing-complete or computationally universal if it can be used to simulate any Turing machine [1] [2] (devised by English mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing).
Lambda calculus is Turing complete, that is, it is a universal model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine. [3] Its namesake, the Greek letter lambda (λ), is used in lambda expressions and lambda terms to denote binding a variable in a function. Lambda calculus may be untyped or typed. In typed lambda calculus ...
The earlier concept of Turing machine was also included in the discipline along with new forms of infinite-state automata, such as pushdown automata. 1956 saw the publication of Automata Studies , which collected work by scientists including Claude Shannon , W. Ross Ashby , John von Neumann , Marvin Minsky , Edward F. Moore , and Stephen Cole ...
Alan Turing in the 1930s. Alan Turing was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. [5] Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer.
Konrad Zuse was born in Berlin on 22 June 1910. [21] In 1912, his family moved to East Prussian Braunsberg (now Braniewo in Poland), where his father was a postal clerk.Zuse attended the Collegium Hosianum in Braunsberg, and in 1923, the family moved to Hoyerswerda, where he passed his Abitur in 1928, qualifying him to enter university.