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Electric potential (also called the electric field potential, potential drop, the electrostatic potential) is defined as the amount of work/energy needed per unit of electric charge to move the charge from a reference point to a specific point in an electric field.
The definition of electrostatic potential, combined with the differential form of Gauss's law (above), provides a relationship between the potential Φ and the charge density ρ: =. This relationship is a form of Poisson's equation. [11]
By definition, the change in electrostatic potential energy, U E, of a point charge q that has moved from the reference position r ref to position r in the presence of an electric field E is the negative of the work done by the electrostatic force to bring it from the reference position r ref to that position r.
Potential energy is the energy by virtue of an object's position relative to other objects. [6] Potential energy is often associated with restoring forces such as a spring or the force of gravity. The action of stretching a spring or lifting a mass is performed by an external force that works against the force field of the potential.
The electrostatic energy of the ion at site r i then is the product of its charge with the potential acting at its site , = =. There occur as many Madelung constants M i in a crystal structure as ions occupy different lattice sites.
The electric field () at any point is the gradient (rate of change) of the electrostatic potential : ∇ V = E {\displaystyle \nabla V=\mathbf {E} \,} Since there can be no electric field inside a conductive object to exert force on charges ( E = 0 ) {\displaystyle (\mathbf {E} =0)\,} , within a conductive object the gradient of the potential ...
Electrostatic discharge while fueling with gasoline is a present danger at gas stations. [24] Fires have also been started at airports while refueling aircraft with kerosene. New grounding technologies, the use of conducting materials, and the addition of anti-static additives help to prevent or safely dissipate the buildup of static electricity.
Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points. [1] [2] In a static electric field, it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to move a positive test charge from the first point to the second point.