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In normal vocal folds, the jelly-like "Reinke's space" is very loose and abundant with interstitial proteins such as hyaluronic acid, fibronectin, proteoglycan like fibromodulin, decorin and versican. All these extracellular matrix components together regulate the water content of vocal fold and render the viscous shear property for it.
The 'true vocal cords' are distinguished from the 'false vocal folds', known as vestibular folds or ventricular folds, which are located slightly superior to the more delicate true folds. While the false vocal folds play a minimal role in normal phonation , they can produce deep sonorous tones, screams and growls.
The vestibular fold (ventricular fold, superior or false vocal cord) is one of two thick folds of mucous membrane, each enclosing a narrow band of fibrous tissue, the vestibular ligament, which is attached in front to the angle of the thyroid cartilage immediately below the attachment of the epiglottis, and behind to the antero-lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, a short distance above ...
Sub-epithelial vocal fold cysts- located in the superficial lamina propria of the vocal folds. [1] Ligament vocal fold cysts- located within the deeper layers of the lamina propria or on the vocal ligament. [1] The symptoms of vocal fold cysts vary but most commonly include a hoarse voice and problems with the pitch of the voice.
Reinke's edema is characterized by a "sac-like" appearance of the vocal folds. [6] The edema is a white translucent fluid that causes a bulging ( distension ) of the vocal cord. [ 2 ] [ 14 ] The most common clinical symptom associated with Reinke's edema is an abnormally low pitched voice with hoarseness.
The lungs, the "pump" must produce adequate airflow and air pressure to vibrate vocal folds. The vocal folds (vocal cords) then vibrate to use airflow from the lungs to create audible pulses that form the laryngeal sound source. [1] The muscles of the larynx adjust the length and tension of the vocal folds to 'fine-tune' pitch and tone.
Under certain circumstances, the aryepiglottic folds take part in phonation, for instance in the singing technique of vocal growl, such as practiced by Louis Armstrong and other jazz singers. The approximation of the aryepiglottic folds during vocalization may establish sustained co- oscillations , at relatively low frequencies, producing the ...
Just above the vocal process is a shallow depression, the oblong fovea of the arytenoid cartilage. Together they constitute the insertion for the vocalis muscle. [3] Vocal process granulomas are rare and benign lesions that occur in 0.9–2.7% of adults with a voice disorder. Most occurrences and forms of vocal process granulomas regress ...