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Surface tension is an important factor in the phenomenon of capillarity. Surface tension has the dimension of force per unit length, or of energy per unit area. [4] The two are equivalent, but when referring to energy per unit of area, it is common to use the term surface energy, which is a more general term in the sense that it applies also to ...
The Marangoni number for a simple liquid of viscosity with a surface tension change over a distance parallel to the surface, can be estimated as follows. Note that we assume that L {\displaystyle L} is the only length scale in the problem, which in practice implies that the liquid be at least L {\displaystyle L} deep.
where g is the acceleration of gravity, is the viscosity of the surrounding fluid, the density of the surrounding fluid, the difference in density of the phases, and is the surface tension coefficient. For the case of a bubble with a negligible inner density the Morton number can be simplified to
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
Force per unit oriented surface area Pa L −1 M T −2: order 2 tensor Surface tension: γ: Energy change per unit change in surface area N/m or J/m 2: M T −2: Thermal conductance κ (or) λ: Measure for the ease with which an object conducts heat W/K L 2 M T −3 Θ −1: extensive Thermal conductivity: λ: Measure for the ease with which a ...
The vector T may be regarded as the sum of two components: the normal stress (compression or tension) perpendicular to the surface, and the shear stress that is parallel to the surface. If the normal unit vector n of the surface (pointing from Q towards P) is assumed fixed, the normal component can be expressed by a single number, the dot ...
The Weber number appears in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations through a free surface boundary condition. [3]For a fluid of constant density and dynamic viscosity, at the free surface interface there is a balance between the normal stress and the curvature force associated with the surface tension:
In fluid mechanics, non-dimensionalization of the Navier–Stokes equations is the conversion of the Navier–Stokes equation to a nondimensional form.This technique can ease the analysis of the problem at hand, and reduce the number of free parameters.