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Since a Carnot heat engine is a reversible heat engine, and all reversible heat engines operate with the same efficiency between the same reservoirs, we have the first part of Carnot's theorem: No irreversible heat engine is more efficient than a Carnot heat engine operating between the same two thermal reservoirs.
This limiting value is called the Carnot cycle efficiency because it is the efficiency of an unattainable, ideal, reversible engine cycle called the Carnot cycle. No device converting heat into mechanical energy, regardless of its construction, can exceed this efficiency.
Q H = W + Q C = heat exchanged with the hot reservoir. η = W / (Q C + Q H) = thermal efficiency of the cycle If the cycle moves in a clockwise sense, then it is a heat engine that outputs work; if the cycle moves in a counterclockwise sense, it is a heat pump that takes in work and moves heat Q H from the cold reservoir to the hot reservoir.
A Carnot cycle is an ideal thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. By Carnot's theorem, it provides an upper limit on the efficiency of any classical thermodynamic engine during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference through ...
It is well known that the final temperature is the geometric mean temperature so that the efficiency is the Carnot efficiency for an engine working between and . See also An introduction to endoreversible thermodynamics is given in the thesis by Katharina Wagner. [ 8 ]
Note that a Carnot engine is the most efficient heat engine possible, but not the most efficient device for creating work. Fuel cells, for instance, can theoretically reach much higher efficiencies than a Carnot engine; their energy source is not thermal energy and so their exergy efficiency does not compare them to a Carnot engine. [1] [2]
After “Conclave” screenwriter Peter Straughan earned the Golden Globe for best screenplay on Sunday evening, he took a moment to address Megyn Kelly’s viral rant about the film. While ...
The importance of avoiding irreversible processes (hence reducing the entropy production) was recognized as early as 1824 by Carnot. [1] In 1865 Rudolf Clausius expanded his previous work from 1854 [ 2 ] on the concept of "unkompensierte Verwandlungen" (uncompensated transformations), which, in our modern nomenclature, would be called the ...