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Most diethyl ether is produced as a byproduct of the vapor-phase hydration of ethylene to make ethanol.This process uses solid-supported phosphoric acid catalysts and can be adjusted to make more ether if the need arises: [9] Vapor-phase dehydration of ethanol over some alumina catalysts can give diethyl ether yields of up to 95%.
On 30 September 1846, Morton administered diethyl ether to Eben Frost, a music teacher from Boston, for a dental extraction. Two weeks later, Morton became the first to publicly demonstrate the use of diethyl ether as a general anesthetic at Massachusetts General Hospital, in what is known today as the Ether Dome. [105]
Inhaled agents like diethyl ether are critical in anesthesia. Diethyl ether initially replaced non-flammable (but more toxic) halogenated hydrocarbons like chloroform and trichloroethylene. Halothane is a halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetic agent that was introduced into clinical practice in 1956. Due to its ease of use and improved safety ...
Addiction to ether consumption, or etheromania, is the addiction to the inhalation or drinking of diethyl ether, commonly called "ether". Studies, including that of an ether addict in 2003, have shown that ether causes dependence ; however, the only symptom observed was a will to consume more ether.
Diethyl ether has a long history as a medical anesthetic; when starting fluid was mostly ether, a similar effect could be obtained using it. Use at the present time directly as an inhalant includes the effect of the petroleum solvents, which are more toxic as inhalants than diethyl ether. [7] [8]
The toxic dose is 0.14 mg/kg body weight and the lethal dose between 1.0 and 1.63 g/kg. [9] Some suggest that the LD 50 in adults is about 1 mL/kg, [3] while others suggest that that is the LD 30. [5] Because of its adverse effects, DEG is rarely allowed in foods and drugs. [10]
A cyclic ether, one of the most polar simple ethers that is used as a solvent. Anisole (methoxybenzene) An aryl ether and a major constituent of the essential oil of anise seed. Crown ethers: Cyclic polyethers that are used as phase transfer catalysts. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) A linear polyether, e.g. used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Ethylene fluorohydrin is obtained differently, by boiling hydrogen fluoride with a 5–6% solution of ethylene oxide in diethyl ether. The ether normally has a water content of 1.5–2%; in absence of water, ethylene oxide polymerizes. [37] Halohydrins can also be obtained by passing ethylene oxide through aqueous solutions of metal halides: [33]