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In terms of reaction mechanism, the Hunsdiecker reaction is believed to involve organic radical intermediates. The silver salt 1 reacts with bromine to form the acyl hypohalite intermediate 2. Formation of the diradical pair 3 allows for radical decarboxylation to form the diradical pair 4, which recombines to form the organic halide 5. The ...
Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2] For this reason it is essential to use multiple different tests to show all adulterants.
The silyl-Hilbert-Johnson (SHJ) reaction (or Vorbrüggen reaction), the mildest general method for the formation of nucleosides, is the combination of a silylated heterocycle and protected sugar acetate (such as 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranose) in the presence of a Lewis acid. [6]
Darzens halogenation is the chemical synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols via the treatment upon reflux of a large excess of thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide (SOX 2) in the presence of a small amount of a nitrogen base, such as a tertiary amine or pyridine or its corresponding hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt. The reaction is named ...
Without added salt the main products are alcohol B (42%) from nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group and diene C (48%) as its dehydration reaction product. With added salt the main product is 1,4-adduct A (82%) with some C (7%). A 1,6-addition is also possible, for example in one step of the commercial-scale production of fulvestrant: [12]
The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis (also known as the Bouveault reaction) is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an alkyl or aryl halide with a formyl group using a N,N-disubstituted formamide. [1] [2] For primary alkyl halides this produces the homologous aldehyde one carbon longer. For aryl halides this produces the corresponding ...
Radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution overview The substituent X is a halide and nucleophiles can be sodium amide , an alkoxide or a carbon nucleophile such as an enolate . [ 1 ] In contrast to regular nucleophilic aromatic substitution , deactivating groups on the arene are not required.
The von Braun reaction is an organic reaction in which a tertiary amine reacts with cyanogen bromide to an organocyanamide. [1] An example is the reaction of N , N -dimethyl-1-naphthylamine : [ 2 ] These days, most chemist have replaced cyanogen bromide reagent with chloroethyl chloroformate reagent instead.