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Imagined portrait of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of a unified China. Depiction from the Qing dynasty. The Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during Ancient and Imperial periods. [a] The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested ...
Map of tribes and tribal unions in Ancient China, including the tribes led by the Yellow Emperor, Emperor Yan and Chiyou. There are six to seven known variations on which people constitute the Three Sovereigns and the Five Emperors, depending on the source. [10] Many of the known sources were written in much later dynasties.
Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) was the superlative title held by the monarchs of imperial China's various dynasties.In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the "Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandate to rule all under Heaven.
After the death of her husband, she became the sole ruler of China for more than two decades. 626–636: Empress Zhangsun, empress consort of Emperor Taizong; 650–655: Empress Wang, first empress consort of Emperor Gaozong; 655–684: Wu Zetian, second empress consort of Emperor Gaozong, later also an empress regnant
In 221 BC, King Ying Zheng of Qin completed the conquest of all the Warring States of ancient China. To elevate himself above the Shang and Zhou kings, he accepted the new title of Emperor (皇帝 huángdì) and is known to posterity as Qin Shi Huang, the 'First Emperor' of Qin.
An emperor's era name or reign name was chosen at the beginning of his reign to reflect the political concerns of the court at the time. [26] A new era name became effective on the first day of the Chinese New Year after that emperor's accession, which fell between 21 January and 20 February (inclusively) of the Gregorian calendar. [27]
Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: 秦始皇, pronunciation ⓘ; February 259 [e] – 12 July 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China. [9] Rather than maintain the title of "king" (wáng 王) borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he assumed the invented title of "emperor" (huángdì 皇帝), which would see continuous use by monarchs in China for the next two ...
For more information, see Two Chinas, Political status of Taiwan, One-China policy, 1992 Consensus and One country, two systems. "China" also refers to many historical states, empires and dynasties that controlled parts of what are now the PRC and the ROC. For leaders of ancient and imperial China, see List of Chinese monarchs.