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Heinz von Foerster (né von Förster; November 13, 1911 – October 2, 2002) was an Austrian-American scientist combining physics and philosophy, and widely attributed as the originator of second-order cybernetics.
Heinz von Foerster argued that humanity's abilities to construct societies, civilizations and technologies do not result in self-inhibition. Rather, societies' success varies directly with population size. Von Foerster found that this model fits some 25 data points from the birth of Jesus to 1958, with only 7% of the variance left
The McKendrick–von Foerster equation is a linear first-order partial differential equation encountered in several areas of mathematical biology – for example, demography [1] and cell proliferation modeling; it is applied when age structure is an important feature in the mathematical model. [2]
The self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal is an objection to the doomsday argument (that there is only a 5% chance of more than twenty times the historic number of humans ever being born) by arguing that the chance of being born is not one, but is an increasing function of the number of people who will be born.
— Heinz von Foerster, Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics. What if the unknown is not a flaw to be eradicated but a dynamic potential to be engaged? Artificial intelligence, in its current state ...
It is cybernetics where "the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western science". [1] Second-order cybernetics was developed between the late 1960s and mid 1970s [note 1] by Heinz von Foerster and others, with key inspiration coming from Margaret Mead. Foerster referred to it ...
Equations of the second degree (Chapter 11), whose interpretations include finite automata and Alonzo Church's Restricted Recursive Arithmetic (RRA). "Boundary algebra" is a Meguire (2011) term for the union of the primary algebra and the primary arithmetic.
Heinz von Foerster proposed Redundancy, R = 1 − H/H max, where H is entropy. [21] [22] In essence this states that unused potential communication bandwidth is a measure of self-organization. In the 1970s Stafford Beer considered this condition as necessary for autonomy which identifies self-organization in persisting and living systems.