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Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.
Although during the first century CE the Dacians had taken every opportunity to cross the frozen Danube in winter and plunder Roman cities in the province of Moesia, it was only under Domitian that Rome sought to solve the Dacian problem, even at the cost of annexing the entire Carpathian area.
The Dacians are first mentioned in the writings of the Ancient Greeks, in Herodotus (Histories Book IV XCIII: "[Getae] the noblest as well as the most just of all the Thracian tribes") and Thucydides (Peloponnesian Wars, Book II: "[Getae] border on the Scythians and are armed in the same manner, being all mounted archers"). [2]
Charnabon, king of the Getae as mentioned by Sophocles in Triptolemus - 5th century BC; Cothelas, [18] father of Meda of Odessa – 4th century BC; Rex Histrianorum, ruler in Histria, mentioned by Trogus Pompeius and Justinus - 339 BC [citation needed] Dual – 3rd century BC [citation needed] Moskon [19] – 3rd century BC; Dromichaetes [20 ...
Between 15th-12th century, the Dacian-Getae culture was influenced by the Bronze Age Tumulus-Urnfield warriors. [4] Dacian civilization went through several stages of development, from the Thracian stage in the Bronze Age to the classical period of the Geto-Dacians (the first century BC to the first century AD). [5]
This is a list of battles or conflicts that Dacians had a leading or crucial role in, rarely as mercenaries. They were involved in massive battles against Roman legions. Unknown date. Celtic Boii in Bohemia against Dacian tribes from the lower Danube, [30] Dacian victory; 1st century BC Dacians against Scordisci, [citation needed] Dacian victory
This is a list of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia (Ancient Greek: Θρᾴκη, Δακία) including possibly or partly Thracian or Dacian tribes, and non-Thracian or non-Dacian tribes that inhabited the lands known as Thrace and Dacia.
There is no conclusive evidence that Dacian was a predominant language outside the dava zone in the 1st century AD. According to Strabo, the Thracians spoke the same language as the Dacians, in which case Dacian was spoken as far as the Aegean sea and the Bosporus.