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Quality management ensures that an organization, product, or service consistently functions as intended. It has four main components: quality planning, quality assurance, quality control, and quality improvement. [1] Customers recognize that quality is an important attribute when choosing and purchasing products and services.
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". [1] This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001): [2] [3]
The first edition of Juran's Quality Control Handbook was published in 1951. He also developed the "Juran's trilogy", an approach to cross-functional management that is composed of three managerial processes: quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. These functions all play a vital role when evaluating quality.
The terms "quality assurance" and "quality control" are often used interchangeably to refer to ways of ensuring the quality of a service or product. [3] For instance, the term "assurance" is often used in a context such as: Implementation of inspection and structured testing as a measure of quality assurance in a television set software project ...
The construction stage begins with a pre-construction meeting brought together by the superintendent (on an American project). The pre-construction meeting is meant to make decisions dealing with work hours, material storage, quality control, and site access. The next step is to move everything onto the construction site and set it all up. [4]
QA/QC is the combination of quality assurance, the process or set of processes used to measure and assure the quality of a product, and quality control, the process of ensuring products and services meet consumer expectations.
Quality engineering is the discipline of engineering concerned with the principles and practice of product and service quality assurance and control. [1] In software development, it is the management, development, operation and maintenance of IT systems and enterprise architectures with high quality standard.
Firms began reexamining the techniques of quality control invented over the past 50 years and how those techniques had been so successfully employed by the Japanese. It was in the midst of this economic turmoil that TQM took root. The exact origin of the term "total quality management" is uncertain. [2]