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Fluorite has four perfect cleavage planes that help produce octahedral fragments. [13] The structural motif adopted by fluorite is so common that the motif is called the fluorite structure. Element substitution for the calcium cation often includes strontium and certain rare-earth elements (REE), such as yttrium and cerium. [5]
Green fluorite with prominent cleavage Biotite with basal cleavage. Cleavage, in mineralogy and materials science, is the tendency of crystalline materials to split along definite crystallographic structural planes.
Frankdicksonite has fluorite crystal structure with a cubic symmetry and the lattice constant a = 619.64 pm. Its Vickers hardness on the {111} cleavage crystal faces varies between 88 and 94 kg/mm 2 and is close to that of the synthetic barium fluoride (95 kg/mm 2). Its refractive index (1.475) is almost identical to that of BaF 2 (1.474).
Calcium fluoride in the fluorite state is of significant commercial importance as a fluoride source. [11] Hydrogen fluoride is liberated from the mineral by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid: [12] CaF 2 + H 2 SO 4 → CaSO 4 (solid) + 2 HF
Lamellated antigorite occurs in tough, pleated masses. It is usually dark green, but may also be yellowish, gray, brown or black. It has a hardness of 3.5–4 and its luster is greasy. The monoclinic crystals show micaceous cleavage and fuse with difficulty.
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The fluorite structure refers to a common motif for compounds with the formula MX 2. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The X ions occupy the eight tetrahedral interstitial sites whereas M ions occupy the regular sites of a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure.
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