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A pseudohallucination (from Ancient Greek: ψευδής (pseudḗs) ' false, lying ' + hallucination) is an involuntary sensory experience that is vivid enough to be perceived as a hallucination, but is recognised by the individual as subjective and lacking objective reality. [1]
Hallucination is defined as visual perception without external stimulation. It must be distinguished whether the individual is able to recognize that the perception is not real, also called pseudo-hallucination, or that the individual endorses it as real, also called delusion. It is only delusion that has serious psychiatric implications.
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality. [6] They are distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (), which does not involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, which involves distorted or misinterpreted real ...
Kandinsky described a state involving auditory hallucinations that were perceived to be "made by someone else," which he termed pseudohallucinations. Over time, Kandinsky found the term "pseudohallucinations" confusing and preferred terms such as "hallucinoid," "presentation," "illumination", and "illustration."
The hallucinations are normally colorful, vivid images that occur during wakefulness, predominantly at night. [3] Lilliputian hallucinations (also called Alice in Wonderland syndrome), hallucinations in which people or animals appear smaller than they would be in real life, are common in cases of peduncular hallucinosis. [1]
Hallucinations may command a person to do something potentially dangerous when combined with delusions. [19] So-called "minor hallucinations", such as extracampine hallucinations, or false perceptions of people or movement occurring outside of one's visual field, frequently occur in neurocognitive disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. [20]
The primary immediate psychological effects of LSD are visual pseudo-hallucinations and altered thought, often referred to as "trips". These sensory alterations are considered pseudohallucinations because the subject does not perceive the patterns seen as being located in three-dimensional space outside the body. [ 43 ]
The syndrome is commonly accompanied by frequent hallucinations, pseudohallucinations, and visual illusions. [5] Individuals with oneiroid syndrome typically recognise the perceived phenomena as belonging to alternate realms or dimensions inaccessible to ordinary people, rather than to the tangible, external world. [5]