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Rhizophora mangle - MHNT. Rhizophora mangle, also known as the red mangrove, [1] is a salt-tolerant, small-to-medium sized evergreen tree restricted to coastal, estuarine ecosystems along the southern portions of North America, the Caribbean as well as Central America and tropical West Africa. [2]
Rhizophora is a genus of tropical mangrove trees, sometimes collectively called true mangroves. The most notable species is the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) but some other species and a few natural hybrids are known. Rhizophora species generally live in intertidal zones which are inundated daily by the ocean.
The natural habitat of Rhizophora mucronata is estuaries, tidal creeks and flat coastal areas subject to daily tidal flooding. It seems to be more tolerant of inundation than other mangrove species and often forms an evergreen fringe to mangrove areas. It sometimes occurs as a pure stand or may grow with Rhizophora apiculata. [6]
The red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) survives in the most inundated areas, props itself above the water level with stilt or prop roots and then absorbs air through lenticels in its bark. [21] The black mangrove ( Avicennia germinans ) lives on higher ground and develops many specialized root-like structures called pneumatophores , which stick ...
Bruguiera is the basal genus and Rhizophora the most derived genus in the tribe. [3] Rhizophora is the only pan-tropical genus that is distributed along the intertidal zones of both the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) and Atlantic-East Pacific (AEP) regions. [5] The remaining mangrove genera are restricted to the IWP region. [5]
Rhizophora mangle — red mangrove; Red mangroves are characterized by a dendritic network of aerial prop roots extending into the soil. This allows them to live in anaerobic conditions by providing gas exchange. They attain 82–125 feet in height in deltas and 26–33 feet along shoreline. The bark is gray on the outside with a red interior.
The tall-stilt mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) belongs to the Plantae kingdom under the Rhizophoraceae family. R. apiculata is distributed throughout Southeast Asia and the western Pacific islands. It is located exclusively in the mangrove ecosystem due to an affinity to wet, muddy and silty
Rhizophora stylosa, the spotted mangrove, [4] red mangrove, small stilted mangrove or stilt-root mangrove, [5] is a small to medium-sized evergreen [6] tree in the family Rhizophoraceae. The specific epithet stylosa is from the Latin meaning 'stylus form', referring to the flower.