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A strain energy density function or stored energy density function is a scalar-valued function that relates the strain energy density of a material to the deformation ...
For rubber and biological materials, more sophisticated models are necessary. Such materials may exhibit a non-linear stress–strain behaviour at modest strains, or are elastic up to huge strains. These complex non-linear stress–strain behaviours need to be accommodated by specifically tailored strain-energy density functions.
The locus of these points (the inflection point within a G-x or G-c curve, Gibbs free energy as a function of composition) is known as the spinodal curve. [1] [2] [3] For compositions within this curve, infinitesimally small fluctuations in composition and density will lead to phase separation via spinodal decomposition.
In continuum mechanics, a Mooney–Rivlin solid [1] [2] is a hyperelastic material model where the strain energy density function is a linear combination of two invariants of the left Cauchy–Green deformation tensor.
The higher the energy density of the fuel, the more energy may be stored or transported for the same amount of volume. The energy of a fuel per unit mass is called its specific energy. The adjacent figure shows the gravimetric and volumetric energy density of some fuels and storage technologies (modified from the Gasoline article).
The total energy density U can be similarly calculated, except the integration is over the whole sphere and there is no cosine, and the energy flux (U c) should be divided by the velocity c to give the energy density U: = (,) Thus / is replaced by , giving an extra factor of 4.
Universal curve for the electron inelastic mean free path in elements based on equation (5) in. [1] If a monochromatic , primary beam of electrons is incident on a solid surface, the majority of incident electrons lose their energy because they interact strongly with matter , leading to plasmon excitation, electron-hole pair formation, and ...
In thermodynamics, the binodal, also known as the coexistence curve or binodal curve, denotes the condition at which two distinct phases may coexist. Equivalently, it is the boundary between the set of conditions in which it is thermodynamically favorable for the system to be fully mixed and the set of conditions in which it is ...