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Medicine and the American Revolution: How Diseases and Their Treatments Affected the Colonial Army (McFarland, 1998) Rosenberg, Charles E. The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866. (2nd ed 1987) Rosenberg, Charles E. The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System (1987)
After the American Civil War, the federal government established the first system of medical care in the South, known as the Freedmen's Bureau. The government constructed 40 hospitals, employed over 120 physicians, and treated well over one million sick and dying former slaves. The hospitals were short-lived, lasting from 1865 to 1870.
Boston City Hospital opened a scarlet fever pavilion in 1887 to house patients with infectious diseases and saw nearly 25,000 patients during 1895–1905. [56] In the mid-1800s, more specific epidemiological information was emerging and incidence in infants were found to be low. [56]
It was originally founded in 1804 as a Seamen's Hospital and poor house and eventually became known as Savannah Hospital. Later, it merged with St. Joseph's. It is the second oldest hospital in America in continuous operation. [7] [8] 1806 District of Columbia General Hospital: Washington, D.C.
European exploration brought hospitals to colonies in North America, Africa, and Asia. St Bartholomew's hospital in West Smithfield in London, founded in 1123, is widely considered the oldest functioning hospital today. Originally a charitable institution, currently an NHS hospital it continues to provide free care to Londoners, as it has for ...
A similar expansion took place in the British American colonies. The Pennsylvania Hospital was founded in Philadelphia in 1751 as a result of work begun in 1709 by the Religious Society of Friends. A portion of this hospital was set apart for the mentally ill, and the first patients were admitted in 1752. [16]
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American Expeditionary Force victims of the flu pandemic at and American camp hospital in France during the 1918 flu pandemic The nurses—all of whom were women—were kept far from the front lines, and although none were killed by enemy action, more than 200 died from disease, especially the Spanish flu epidemic .