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A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).
Liquid–liquid extraction removes an impurity or recovers a desired product by dissolving the crude material in a solvent in which other components of the feed material are soluble. Crystallization separates a product from a liquid feed stream, often in extremely pure form, by cooling the feed stream or adding precipitants that lower the ...
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA or HDEHP) is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C 8 H 17 O) 2 PO 2 H. The colorless liquid is a diester of phosphoric acid and 2-ethylhexanol. It is used in the solvent extraction of uranium, vanadium and the rare-earth metals. [1]
In solvent extraction the diluent has potentially several uses. It can be used as a solvent (in the purely chemical sense rather than the solvent extraction sense) to dissolve an extractant which is a solid and so render it suitable for use in a liquid–liquid extraction process.
Elution then is the process of removing analytes from the adsorbent by running a solvent, called an eluent, past the adsorbent–analyte complex. As the solvent molecules "elute", or travel down through the chromatography column, they can either pass by the adsorbent–analyte complex or displace the analyte by binding to the adsorbent in its ...
Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte moves from the initial solvent into the extracting solvent.
Countercurrent distribution, therefore, is a method of using a series of vessels (separatory funnels) to separate compounds by a sequence of liquid-liquid extraction operations. Contrary to liquid-liquid extraction, in the CCD instruments the upper phase is decanted from the lower phase once the phases have settled.
In the solvent extraction a mixture of an extractant in a diluent is used to extract a metal from one phase to another. In solvent extraction this mixture is often referred to as the "organic" because the main constituent (diluent) is some type of oil.