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HER2 is the target of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (marketed as Herceptin). Trastuzumab is effective only in cancers where HER2 is over-expressed. One year of trastuzumab therapy is recommended for all patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who are also receiving chemotherapy. [33] Twelve months of trastuzumab therapy is optimal.
ER-positive is one of the Receptor statuses identified in the classification of breast cancer.Receptor status was traditionally considered by reviewing each individual receptor (ER, PR, her2) in turn, but newer approaches look at these together, along with the tumor grade, to categorize breast cancer into several conceptual molecular classes [1] that have different prognoses [2] and may have ...
Trastuzumab deruxtecan is the first approved therapy by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) targeted to people with the HER2-low breast cancer subtype. [4] DNA-based classification. Understanding the specific details of a particular breast cancer may include looking at the cancer cell DNA or RNA by several different laboratory approaches ...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is any breast cancer that either lacks or shows low levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and/or gene amplification (i.e. the tumor is negative on all three tests giving the name triple-negative). [1]
The basal-like carcinoma is a recently proposed subtype of breast cancer defined by its gene expression and protein expression profile. [1]Breast cancer can be divided into five molecular subtypes, including luminal subtype A, luminal subtype B, normal breast-like subtype, HER-2 overexpression subtype, and basal-like subtype. [2]
TNBCs are a group of estrogen receptor-, androgen receptor-, and HER2/neu-negative tumors that account for 10%-15% of all breast cancers and are particularly aggressive cancers that generally have a poorer prognosis than other breast cancer subtypes. [18] HER2/neu is in the epidermal growth factor receptor family.
In early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, trastuzumab-containing regimens improved overall survival (Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.66) and disease-free survival (HR = 0.60). [38] Increased risk of heart failure (RR = 5.11) and decline in left ventricular ejection fraction ( relative risk RR = 1.83) were seen in these trials as well. [ 38 ]
In relation to breast tumors, somatic activating mutations in Akt and the p110α subunit of the PI3K have been detected in 3–5% and 20–25% of primary breast tumors, respectively. [27] Many breast tumors also have lower levels of PTEN, which is a lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate, thereby ...