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A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; [2] RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices , diagnostic procedures , diets or other medical treatments.
An RCT is a scientific experiment that is designed to reduce bias when testing a new medical treatment, a social intervention, or another testable hypothesis. In a traditional RCT, the researcher randomly divides the experiment participants into two groups at the same time: One group receives the treatment (the "treatment group")
An experimental design or randomized clinical trial requires careful consideration of several factors before actually doing the experiment. [32] An experimental design is the laying out of a detailed experimental plan in advance of doing the experiment.
In the design of experiments, the simplest design for comparing treatments is the "completely randomized design". Some "restriction on randomization" can occur with blocking and experiments that have hard-to-change factors; additional restrictions on randomization can occur when a full randomization is infeasible or when it is desirable to ...
In the design of experiments, completely randomized designs are for studying the effects of one primary factor without the need to take other nuisance variables into account. This article describes completely randomized designs that have one primary factor.
One of the defining aspects of a platform trial is the shared control group that all interventional arms are compared to. Whereas a conventional RCT would generally have half of all enrolled patients in the control group; platform trials have a higher total number of patients in various interventional groups.
Cluster randomised controlled trials are also known as cluster-randomised trials, [2] group-randomised trials, [3] [4] and place-randomized trials. [5] Cluster-randomised controlled trials are used when there is a strong reason for randomising treatment and control groups over randomising participants.
Zelen's design is an experimental design for randomized clinical trials proposed by Harvard School of Public Health statistician Marvin Zelen (1927-2014). In this design, patients are randomized to either the treatment or control group before giving informed consent. Because the group to which a given patient is assigned is known, consent can ...