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Brittany (/ ˈ b r ɪ t ən i / BRIT-ən-ee; French: Bretagne, pronounced ⓘ; Breton: Breizh, pronounced [bʁɛjs, bʁɛx]; [1] [dubious – discuss] Gallo: Bertaèyn or Bertègn, pronounced [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul.
The Bretons (/ ˈ b r ɛ t ɒ n z,-ən z,-ɒ̃ z /; [7] Breton: Bretoned or Vretoned, [8] Breton pronunciation: [breˈtɔ̃nɛt]) are an ethnic group native to Brittany, north-western France. Originally, the demonym designated groups of Brittonic speakers who emigrated from southwestern Great Britain , particularly Cornwall and Devon , mostly ...
Unlike the rest of France and Brittany, Lower Brittany (roughly, west of a boundary from Saint Brieuc to Vannes) has maintained a distinctly Celtic language, Breton, which is related to Cornish and Welsh. It was the dominant language in Lower, or western, Brittany until the mid-20th century.
The army of the Kingdom of France, with the help of 5,000 mercenaries from Switzerland and Italy, defeated the Breton army in 1488, and the last Duke of independent Brittany, Francis II, was forced to submit to a treaty giving the King of France the right to determine the marriage of the Duke's daughter, a 12-year-old girl, the heir to the Duchy.
Breton (/ ˈ b r ɛ t ə n /, BRET-ən, French:; endonym: brezhoneg [bʁeˈzɔ̃ːnɛk] ⓘ [5] or [bɾəhɔ̃ˈnek] in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language group spoken in Brittany, part of modern-day France.
The culture of Brittany is the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with the historical region of Brittany in northwestern France and the Breton people. Breton culture has been influenced by various local and nearby traditions over the centuries, including the Celtic culture of the Britons and Gauls and French culture to a lesser ...
Breton nationalism (Breton: Broadelouriezh Vrezhon, French: Nationalisme breton) is the nationalism of the historical province of Brittany, France. Brittany is considered to be one of the six Celtic nations (along with Cornwall , Ireland , the Isle of Man , Scotland and Wales ).
The Duchy of Brittany had its origins in the Battle of Trans-la-Forêt of 939, which established the river Couesnon as the boundary between Brittany and Normandy. [1] In 942, Alan II paid homage to Louis IV of France; however, the duchy did not gain royal attention until 1123, when Louis VI of France confirmed the bishop of Nantes. [2]