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Alternatives to full-custom design include various forms of semi-custom design, such as the repetition of small transistor subcircuits; [1] one such methodology is the use of standard cell libraries (which are themselves designed full-custom). Full-custom design potentially maximizes the performance of the chip, and minimizes its area, but is ...
Typically, the IC physical design is categorized into full custom and semi-custom design. Full-Custom: Designer has full flexibility on the layout design, no predefined cells are used. Semi-Custom: Pre-designed library cells (preferably tested with DFM) are used, designer has flexibility in placement of the cells and routing. [4]
Full-custom design is used for both ASIC design and for standard product design. The benefits of full-custom design include reduced area (and therefore recurring component cost), performance improvements, and also the ability to integrate analog components and other pre-designed—and thus fully verified—components, such as microprocessor ...
Sinclair ZX81 ULA. A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAND gates, flip-flops, etc.) according to custom order by adding metal interconnect layers in the factory.
The most common method for delivering test data from chip inputs to internal circuits under test (CUTs, for short), and observing their outputs, is called scan-design. In scan-design, registers ( flip-flops or latches) in the design are connected in one or more scan chains , which are used to gain access to internal nodes of the chip.
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To simplify the design of complex systems in FPGAs, there exist libraries of predefined complex functions and circuits that have been tested and optimized to speed up the design process. These predefined circuits are commonly called intellectual property (IP) cores , and are available from FPGA vendors and third-party IP suppliers.
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