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Early Polynesian explorers reached nearly all Pacific islands by 1200 CE, followed by Asian navigation in Southeast Asia and the West Pacific. During the Middle Ages, Muslim traders linked the Middle East and East Africa to the Asian Pacific coasts, reaching southern China and much of the Malay Archipelago. Direct European contact with the ...
Chinese exploration includes exploratory Chinese travels abroad, on land and by sea, from the travels of Han dynasty diplomat Zhang Qian into Central Asia during the 2nd century BC until the Ming dynasty treasure voyages of the 15th century that crossed the Indian Ocean and reached as far as East Africa.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 December 2024. Leif Erikson (c.970–c.1020) was a famous Norse explorer who is credited for being the first European to set foot on American soil. Explorers are listed below with their common names, countries of origin (modern and former), centuries of activity and main areas of exploration. Marco ...
1420–1436: Travels of the Italian explorer Niccolò de' Conti to India and Southeast Asia. 1436–1439: Travels of Pedro Tafur across Middle East. 1453: Constantinople falls to the Muslim Ottoman Turks, breaking the trade links between Christian Europe and Asia. 1470: Travels of Afanasy Nikitin, the first Russian to visit India.
Combined with the empirical observations gathered in oceanic seafaring, mapping winds and currents, Portuguese explorers took the lead in the long distance oceanic navigation, [38] opening later, at the beginning of the 16th century, a network of ocean routes covering the Atlantic, the Indian and the western Pacific oceans, from the North ...
On October 21, 1520, his expedition crossed the Strait of Magellan in the southern tip of South America, opening the Pacific to European exploration. On March 16, 1521, the ships reached the Philippines and soon after the Spice Islands, ultimately resulting decades later in the Manila Galleon trade, the first westward spice trade route to Asia.
Flynn, Matthew J. China Contested: Western Powers in East Asia (2006), for secondary schools; Green, Michael J. By more than providence: grand strategy and American power in the Asia Pacific since 1783 (2017) a major scholarly survey excerpt; Hall, D.G.E. History of South East Asia (Macmillan International Higher Education, 1981). Hibbert ...
The Mongols had threatened Europe, but Mongol states also unified much of Eurasia and, from 1206 on, the Pax Mongolica allowed safe trade routes and communication lines from the Middle East to China. [44] [45] The close Italian links to the Levant raised curiosity and commercial interest in countries which lay further east.