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A printable chart to make a spore print and start identification. The spore print is the powdery deposit obtained by allowing spores of a fungal fruit body to fall onto a surface underneath. It is an important diagnostic character in most handbooks for identifying mushrooms. It shows the colour of the mushroom spores if viewed en masse. [1]
A 3–10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) gives a color change in some species of mushrooms: In Agaricus, some species such as A. xanthodermus turn yellow with KOH, many have no reaction, and A. subrutilescens turns green. Distinctive change occurs for some species of Cortinarius and Boletes
An umbo is a raised area in the center of a mushroom cap. Caps that possess this feature are called umbonate . Umbos that are sharply pointed are called acute , while those that are more rounded are broadly umbonate .
Many types of cystidia exist, and assessing their presence, shape, and size is often used to verify the identification of a mushroom. [13] The most important microscopic feature for identification of mushrooms is the spores. Their color, shape, size, attachment, ornamentation, and reaction to chemical tests often can be the crux of an ...
The stem is 6 to 12 cm (2 + 3 ⁄ 8 to 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) long by 1 to 2.5 cm (3 ⁄ 8 to 1 in) thick, cream-white in color, and tapers upward so that the stem is thicker at the base than at the top. [16] Although the stem is initially loosely stuffed with cottony hyphae, it eventually becomes hollow in maturity; overall, the mushroom is rather ...
This mushroom can range from lilac to purple-pink. Some North American specimens are duller and tend toward tan, but usually have purplish tones on the stem and gills. Younger specimens are lighter with more convex caps, while mature specimens have a darker color and flatter cap, ranging from 4–15 cm ( 1 + 5 ⁄ 8 – 5 + 7 ⁄ 8 in) in ...
The stem is 3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2.0 in) long by 1.5–2.5 mm thick, and equal in width throughout its length. It is attached to its substrate (wood or sticks) by a grayish mat of mycelium. [2] It is not known if the mushroom contains psychoactive compounds like psilocybin or psilocin. [4] The spore print is purple-brown.
A 2008 molecular phylogenetic study clarified the relationships among the mushroom-forming species of the family. [15] The authors demonstrated the existence of four distinct lineages of gilled mushrooms, which led to the description of Multifurca as a new genus separated from Russula [15] and the segregation of Lactifluus from Lactarius. [16] [17]