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Chinglish is slang for spoken or written English language that is either influenced by a Chinese language, or is poorly translated. [1] In Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong and Guangxi, the term "Chinglish" refers mainly to Cantonese-influenced English.
Words of Chinese origin have entered European languages, including English. Most of these were direct loanwords from various varieties of Chinese.However, Chinese words have also entered indirectly via other languages, particularly Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese, that have all used Chinese characters at some point and contain a large number of Chinese loanwords.
Chinese Pidgin English (also called Chinese Coastal English [1] or Pigeon English [2]) is a pidgin language lexically based on English, but influenced by a Chinese substratum. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese -speaking portions of China .
Derived from the Chinese phrase Gayau (or Jiayou; Chinese: 加油), the expression is literally translated from the Cantonese phrase. It is originated in Hong Kong and is commonly used by bilingual Hong Kong speakers. [2] "Add oil" can be roughly translated as "Go for it". [1]
A rarer occurrence is the blending of the Latin alphabet with Chinese characters, as in "卡拉OK" ("karaoke"), “T恤” ("T-shirt"), "IP卡" ("internet protocol card"). [3] In some instances, the loanwords exists side by side with neologisms that translate the meaning of the concept into existing Chinese morphemes.
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A character with only one meaning is a monosemous character, and a character with two or more meanings is a polysemous character. According to statistics from the "Chinese Character Information Dictionary", among the 7,785 mainland standard Chinese characters in the dictionary, there are 4,139 monosemous characters and 3,053 polysemous characters.
Manglish is an informal form of Malaysian English with features of an English-based creole principally used in Malaysia.It is heavily influenced by the main languages of the country, Malay, Tamil, and varieties of Chinese.