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A medical professional administering nose drops Instillation of eye drops. A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. [1]
Topical drug delivery (TDD) is a route of drug administration that allows the topical formulation to be delivered across the skin upon application, hence producing a localized effect to treat skin disorders like eczema. [1] [2] The formulation of topical drugs can be classified into corticosteroids, antibiotics, antiseptics, and anti-fungal.
The definition of the topical route of administration sometimes states that both the application location and the pharmacodynamic effect thereof is local. [3] In other cases, topical is defined as applied to a localized area of the body or to the surface of a body part regardless of the location of the effect.
Topical gels are commonly used in cosmetics, which include shampoos, dentifrices, skin and hair care formulations and fragrance products, [1] [2] and can be used to treat scalp inflammation. [ 2 ] Topical gels can be used to deliver anti-inflammatory steroids to the scalp in treatment of scalp inflammations.
A 2023 study comparing the efficacy and safety of 1-milligram daily oral minoxidil and 5% topical minoxidil found that topical minoxidil had a better therapeutic effect (meaning it worked a little ...
A third pathway to breach the Stratum Corneum layer is via tiny microchannels created by a medical micro-needling device of which there are many brands and variants. [8] Investigations at the University of Marburg, Germany, using a standard Franz diffusion cell showed that this approach is efficient in enhancing skin penetration ability for ...
Lotion is a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to the skin. By contrast, creams and gels have higher viscosity, typically due to lower water content. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Lotions are applied to external skin with bare hands, a brush, a clean cloth, or cotton wool .
Long-term use of topical steroids can lead to secondary infection with fungus or bacteria (see tinea incognito), skin atrophy, telangiectasia (prominent blood vessels), skin bruising and fragility. [11] The use of the finger tip unit may be helpful in guiding how much topical steroid is required to cover different areas of the body.