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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications.
Baby colic, also known as infantile colic, is defined as episodes of crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week, for three weeks in an otherwise healthy child. [1] Often crying occurs in the evening. [ 1 ]
Onset is usually confined to infancy and early childhood, [2] with peak prevalence at 18–36 months. [4] In rare cases, particularly where the child is severely mentally impaired, onset may extend to adolescence.
It may be a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [4] In infants, regurgitation – or spitting up – is quite common, with 67% of 4-month-old infants spitting up more than once per day. [5] Some people are able to regurgitate without using any external stimulation or drug, by means of muscle control.
In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.
The angle of His, also known as the esophagogastric angle, is the acute angle created between the cardia at the entrance to the stomach, and the esophagus.It helps to prevent acid reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus.
It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, [1] esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia. Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms, causing ...
1.5 per 1,000 babies [1] Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (the pylorus ). [ 1 ] Symptoms include projectile vomiting without the presence of bile . [ 1 ]