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ISO 3864 – Safety colors and safety signs; ISO 7001 – Public Information Symbols; ISO 21482 – A separate standard for a specific radiation safety sign for specific applications; ANSI Z535 – The United States national standard for safety information; Directive 92/58/EEC – Safety signs used in the European Union
ISO 21482 is a technical standard that specifies the design and usage of a "supplemental radiation warning symbol", a warning symbol.It is intended to warn people of the dangers of radiation hazards posed by sealed sources, and encourage the viewer to get away from the source.
Unprotected experiments in the U.S. in 1896 with an early X-ray tube (Crookes tube), when the dangers of radiation were largely unknown.[1]The history of radiation protection begins at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the realization that ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources can have harmful effects on living organisms.
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Radiation exposure can be managed by a combination of these factors: Time: Reducing the time of an exposure reduces the effective dose proportionally. An example of reducing radiation doses by reducing the time of exposures might be improving operator training to reduce the time they take to handle a radioactive source.
In 1974, after approval by national standards bodies, the symbol became an international standard as ISO 361 Basic ionizing radiation symbol. [10] The standard specifies the shape, proportions, application and restrictions on the use of the symbol. It may be used to signify the actual or potential presence of ionizing radiation.
ANSI Z35.1 the Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs, [c] was an American standard that dictated the layout, colors and wording of safety signs in the United States. The standard is the first American standard that made specific demands for the design, construction, and placement of safety signage in industrial environments.
A year after Röntgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, the American engineer Wolfram Fuchs gave what was probably the first radiation protection advice, but many early users of X-rays were initially unaware of the hazards and protection was rudimentary or non-existent. [11] The dangers of radioactivity and radiation were not immediately recognized.