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The collets or tool holders are placed directly into the spindle and the drawbar is tightened into the top of the collet or tool holder from above the spindle. Other tools such as drill chucks, fly cutters, indexable insert cutters, etc. may have an R8 taper shank built into or added to the tool.
Several machine collets (top and centre) and a dismantled pin chuck (below). Generally, a collet chuck, [3] considered as a unit, consists of a tapered receiving sleeve (sometimes integral with the machine spindle), the collet proper (usually made of spring steel) which is inserted into the receiving sleeve, and (often) a cap that screws over the collet, clamping it via another taper.
It is a self-locking (or self holding) taper of approximately 5/8" per foot [3] that allows the torque to be transferred to the drill bit by the friction between the taper shank and the socket. The tang at the end of the taper provides a positive drive of the drill when the taper fails to grip. [ 4 ]
A 14 mm shank similar to SDS-plus, designed for hammers from 2 to 5 kg. The grip area is increased to 212 mm 2 (0.329 sq in) and the shank is inserted 70 mm. This size remained uncommon and was discontinued in 2009. [5] SDS-max An 18 mm shank with three open grooves and locking segments rather than balls. It is designed for hammers over 5 kg.
For production machine tools, the shank type is usually one of the following: a standard taper (such as Morse or Brown & Sharpe), a straight round shank to be held by a collet, or a straight round shank with a flat for a set screw, to be held by a solid toolholder.
A spade drill bit for metal is a two part bit with a tool holder and an insertable tip, called an insert. The inserts come in various sizes that range from 7 ⁄ 16 to 2.5 inches (11 to 64 mm). The tool holder usually has a coolant passage running through it. [13] They are capable of cutting to a depth of about 10 times the bit diameter.