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There can be many years between promising laboratory work and the availability of an effective anti-cancer drug: Monroe Eliot Wall discovered anti-cancer properties in Camptotheca in 1958, but it was not until 1996 – after further research and rounds of clinical trials – that topotecan, a synthetic derivative of a chemical in the plant, was ...
On the contrary, research indicates that although polyphenols are antioxidants in vitro, antioxidant effects in vivo are probably negligible or absent. [3] [4] [5] By non-antioxidant mechanisms still undefined, polyphenols may affect mechanisms of cardiovascular disease or cancer. [6]
It is difficult to evaluate the physiological effects of specific natural phenolic antioxidants, since such a large number of individual compounds may occur even in a single food and their fate in vivo cannot be measured. [1] [6] [8] Other more detailed chemical research has elucidated the difficulty of isolating individual phenolics.
Antioxidants are helpful in reducing and preventing damage from free radical reactions because of their ability to donate electrons which neutralize the radical without forming another. Vitamin C, for example, can lose an electron to a free radical and remain stable itself by passing its unstable electron around the antioxidant molecule.
For example, a cup of iceberg lettuce contains small amounts of potassium, folate, and higher levels of vitamin A, carotenoids, and vitamin K, a nutrient involved in bone metabolism.
Antioxidants is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal that covers various areas of antioxidants research, including biosynthesis, pharmacodynamics, and synthetic antioxidants. It is published by MDPI and was established in 2012. The editor-in-chief is Stanley Omaye (University of Nevada).
Early research on the role of antioxidants in biology focused on their use in preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fats, which is the cause of rancidity. [7] Antioxidant activity could be measured simply by placing the fat in a closed container with oxygen and measuring the rate of oxygen consumption.
Cancer Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal scientific journal that publishes articles that provide major advances in cancer research and oncology. The journal considers manuscripts that answer important questions relevant to naturally occurring cancers.