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Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a congenital abnormality of brain development where the neurons in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero. [1] Focal means that it is limited to a focal zone in any lobe . [ 2 ]
The treatment of Muenke syndrome is focused on the correction of the abnormal skull shape and mirrors the treatment of coronal craniosynostosis. The abnormal growth patterns continue throughout the growing years; therefore, intervention, accurate diagnosis, and a customized, expertly carried-out treatment plan should be a primary concern.
Hydranencephaly is an extreme form of porencephaly, which is characterized by a cyst or cavity in the cerebral hemispheres. [citation needed]Although the exact cause of hydranencephaly remains undetermined in most cases, the most likely general cause is by vascular insult, such as stroke, injury, intrauterine infections, or traumatic disorders after the first trimester of pregnancy.
Gigantism is usually caused by a tumor on the pituitary gland of the brain. It causes growth of the hands, face, and feet. It causes growth of the hands, face, and feet. [ 24 ] [ better source needed ] In some cases the condition can be passed on genetically through a mutated gene.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. Neoplasm in the brain Medical condition Brain tumor Other names Intracranial neoplasm, brain tumour, brain cancer Brain metastasis in the right cerebral hemisphere from lung cancer, shown on magnetic resonance imaging Specialty Neurosurgery, neuro-oncology Symptoms Vary depending on the ...
PHACE syndrome is a medical condition characterized by uncommon associations between birth defects of the brain, skin (large facial infantile hemangiomas), arteries, heart and eyes. "PHACE" is an acronym for the parts of the body the syndrome usually impacts: Posterior fossa abnormalities and other structural brain abnormalities.
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CT and MRI are most commonly used to observe the brain for cerebral atrophy. A CT scan takes cross sectional images of the brain using X-rays, while an MRI uses a magnetic field. With both measures, multiple images can be compared to see if there is a loss in brain volume over time. [20]