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To advance his thesis, Allison led a case study by the Harvard University Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs which found that among 16 historical instances of an emerging power rivaling a ruling power, 12 ended in war. [a] [9] [14] The cases included in Allison's original study are listed in the following table.
War Powers: The Politics of Constitutional Authority is a 2013 book by Mariah Zeisberg that studies war powers in the United States. The book explores the constitutional distribution of war-making authority between the President and Congress, arguing while the Constitution does not provide a clear legal resolution to this debate, it does advance implicit standards for assessing the branches ...
Another battle often noted for being a victory against all odds was the Battle of Agincourt (1415), [10] [11] which saw a depleted English army, led by King Henry V and composed of 5,000 to 8,000 longbowmen, achieve victory over a superior French army of 15,000 to 30,000 cavalry and heavy infantry; the English were outnumbered, possibly by as ...
Cold War – period of political and military tension that occurred after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). Historians have not fully agreed on the dates, but 1947–1991 is common.
It is most often used to explain the causes of World War I and the subsequent heavy losses that occurred year after year, on all sides, during the fighting on the Western Front. The term has also been applied to pre- World War II air power doctrine that held that " the bomber will always get through " and the only way to end a bombing campaign ...
The Cold War started placing immense pressure on developing nations to align with one of the superpower factions. Both promised substantial financial, military, and diplomatic aid in exchange for an alliance, in which issues like corruption and human rights abuses were overlooked or ignored.
This strategy had one major (and possibly critical) flaw, which was soon realized by military analysts but highly underplayed by the U.S. military: conventional NATO forces in the European theatre of war were far outnumbered by similar Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces, and it was assumed that in case of a major Soviet attack (commonly envisioned ...
The July Crisis [b] was a series of interrelated diplomatic and military escalations among the major powers of Europe in the summer of 1914, which led to the outbreak of World War I.