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The English subjunctive is realized as a finite but tenseless clause. Subjunctive clauses use a bare or plain verb form, which lacks any inflection. For instance, a subjunctive clause would use the verb form "be" rather than "am/is/are" and "arrive" rather than "arrives", regardless of the person and number of the subject. [4] (1) Subjunctive ...
The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.Subjunctive forms of verbs are typically used to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, obligation, or action that has not yet occurred; the precise situations in which they are used ...
An example of the English subjunctive is "Jill suggested that Paul take his medicine", as opposed to the indicative sentence "Jill believes that Paul takes his medicine". [6] Other uses of the subjunctive in English are archaisms, as in "And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he
One authority, Hale, explains the usage as follows: [23] In complex sentences made up of a main sentence with subjunctive verb and one or more subordinate sentences, the modal feeling in the speaker's mind which expresses itself in the main sentence is, in the nature of things, very likely to continue in the speaker's mind in the subordinated sentence or sentences, either quite unchanged or ...
Moreover, languages that do use the subjunctive for such conditionals only do so if they have a specific past subjunctive form. Thus, subjunctive marking is neither necessary nor sufficient for membership in this class of conditionals. [12] [13] [9] The terms counterfactual and subjunctive have sometimes been repurposed for more specific uses ...
li-yaf‘al-hu to-do. JUS. 3SG. MASC -it li-yaf‘al-hu to-do.JUS.3SG.MASC-it 'Have him do it.' A further use of this mood is in negative commands. لا تأخذ ذلك اللحم lā not ta’xudh take. JUS. 2SG. MASC dhālika that l-laḥm the-meat lā ta’xudh dhālika l-laḥm not take.JUS.2SG.MASC that the-meat 'Don't take that meat.' The jussive form is also used in past tense sentences ...
For instance, in the sentence "I know Bette is a dolphin", the clause "Bette is a dolphin" occurs as the complement of the verb "know" rather than as a freestanding sentence. Subtypes of dependent clauses include content clauses, relative clauses, adverbial clauses, and clauses that complement an independent clause in the subjunctive mood.
In the literary language, past unreal conditional sentences as above may take the pluperfect subjunctive in one clause or both, so that the following sentences are all valid and have the same meaning as the preceding example: Si j ' eusse su, je ne serais pas venu; Si j ' avais su, je ne fusse pas venu; Si j ' eusse su, je ne fusse pas venu.