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The conclusions for progesterone were the same in a 2019 meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence by the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (CGHFBC). [131] Most data on breast density changes and breast cancer risk are with oral progesterone. [126] Data on breast safety with vaginal progesterone are scarce ...
Progesterone appears to prevent endometrial cancer (involving the uterine lining) by regulating the effects of estrogen. Progesterone plays an important role in the signaling of insulin release and pancreatic function, and may affect the susceptibility to diabetes or gestational diabetes. [100] [101]
They concluded that: "Overall, there was no evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer". [53] Recent anxieties about the contribution of progestogens to the increased risk of breast cancer associated with HRT in postmenopausal women such as found in the WHI trials [54] have not spread to progestogen-only contraceptive use in premenopausal ...
Researchers from the Danish Cancer Society Research Center have found an association between levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSs) and increased breast cancer risk in females ...
Breast cancer was increased in women treated with estrogen and a progestin, but not with estrogen and progesterone or estrogen alone. Treatment with unopposed estrogen (i.e., an estrogen alone without a progestogen) is contraindicated if the uterus is still present, due to its proliferative effect on the endometrium .
Stage I is the earliest phase at which a cancer is considered invasive, meaning the tumor has grown into surrounding breast tissue, but is still contained to a small area, according to Memorial ...