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Embryo culture until the blastocyst stage confers a significant increase in live birth rate per embryo transfer, and there is no evidence of a difference between the groups in cumulative pregnancy rates. [2] Transfer day 2 instead of day 3 after fertilization has no differences in live birth rate. [3]
The trophoblasts secrete fluid into the blastocoel. The resulting increase in size of the blastocyst causes it to hatch through the zona pellucida, which then disintegrates. [5] This process is called zona hatching and it takes place on the sixth day of embryo development, immediately before the implantation process. The hatching of the human ...
Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is the repeated failure of the embryo to implant onto the side of the uterus wall following IVF treatment. [1] Implantation happens at 6–7 days after conception and involves the embedding of the growing embryo into the mothers uterus and a connection being formed. [2]
This would mean that for a typical rate of 31% in clinics that use early cleavage stage cycles, the rate would increase to 32% to 41% live births if clinics used blastocyst transfer. [47] Recent systematic review showed that along with selection of embryo, the techniques followed during transfer procedure may result in successful pregnancy outcome.
However, it is unlikely to increase clinical pregnancy rates when performed in fresh embryos transferred to unselected women, to those without poor prognosis or to women of advanced maternal age. [2] Also, overall, there no evidence of a significant difference in live birth rate following assisted hatching compared with no assisted hatching.
Embryo culture until the blastocyst stage confers a significant increase in live birth rate per embryo transfer, but also confers a decreased number of embryos available for transfer and embryo cryopreservation, so the cumulative clinical pregnancy rates are increased with cleavage stage transfer. [40]
Implantation bleeding occurs between 7 and 14 days after fertilization, [57] and is a small amount of light vaginal bleeding or spotting that can occur in early pregnancy due to the blastocyst penetrating the lining of the uterus during implantation.
The parameters for evaluation at day 2-3: Number of cells and division rhythm: The optimal number of cells is 4 at day 2 and 8 at day 3 (A quality). In day 3 9-10 cells is B, >=10 is C (suboptimal) and <=4 is D (barely implant). A normal division rate is to double cell number each 24 hours.