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In a 2015 articles in the Journal of Urology, Thompson reported multi-parametric MRI detection of significant prostate cancer had sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 36%, negative predictive value and positive predictive values of 92% and 52%; when PI-RADS was incorporated into a multivariate analysis (PSA, digital rectal exam, prostate volume ...
[47]: 694 In BPH, the majority of growth occurs in the transition zone (TZ) of the prostate. [47]: 694 In addition to these two classic areas, the peripheral zone (PZ) is also involved to a lesser extent. [47]: 695 Prostatic cancer typically occurs in the PZ. However, BPH nodules, usually from the TZ are often biopsied anyway to rule out cancer ...
Peripheral zone (PZ) ... ~10–20% of prostate cancers originate in this zone. It is the region of the prostate gland that ... medical imaging such as an MRI or bone ...
There are several reasons why PIN is the most likely prostate cancer precursor. [3] PIN is more common in men with prostate cancer. High grade PIN can be found in 85 to 100% of radical prostatectomy specimens, [4] nearby or even in connection with prostate cancer. It tends to occur in the peripheral zone of the prostate.
MRI results can help distinguish those who have potentially dangerous tumors from those who do not. [26] A definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer requires a biopsy of the prostate. Prostate biopsies are typically taken by a needle passing through the rectum or perineum, guided by transrectal ultrasonography, MRI, or a combination of the two.
The majority of treatable/treated cancers are of Gleason scores 5-7 and are detected due to biopsy after abnormal digital rectal exam or prostate specific antigen evaluation. The cancer is typically located in the peripheral zone usually the posterior portion, explaining the rationale of performing the digital rectal exam. [citation needed]
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to form images of the organs in the body.
In perineural invasion, cancer cells proliferate around peripheral nerves and eventually invade them. Cancer cells migrate in response to different mediators released by autonomic and sensory fibers. Tumor cells secrete CCL2 and CSF-1 to accumulate endoneurial macrophages and, at the same time, release factors that stimulate perineural invasion.