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This is the only member of this group of viruses known to cause human cancer but other polyomaviruses are suspects for being additional cancer viruses. [citation needed] HIV does not directly cause cancer, but it is associated with a number of malignancies, especially Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, anal cancer and cervical cancer.
Tumor viruses come in a variety of forms: Viruses with a DNA genome, such as adenovirus, and viruses with an RNA genome, like the hepatitis C virus (HCV), can cause cancers, as can retroviruses having both DNA and RNA genomes (Human T-lymphotropic virus and hepatitis B virus, which normally replicates as a mixed double and single-stranded DNA ...
A virus that can cause cancer is called an oncovirus. These include human papillomavirus ( cervical carcinoma ), Epstein–Barr virus ( B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma ), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus ( Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas ), hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses ( hepatocellular ...
Efforts to induce this phenomenon have used cancer vaccines (derived from cancer cells or selected cancer antigens), or direct treatment with immune-stimulating factors on skin cancers. [53] Some oncolytic viruses are very immunogenic and may by infection of the tumour, elicit an anti-tumor immune response, especially viruses delivering ...
Smoking cigarettes had the largest impact on cancer rates, accounting for nearly 20% of cancers in 2019, meaning that as many as 206,550 cases and 103,000 deaths could have been prevented if all ...
Some cancers can cause a systemic inflammatory state that leads to ongoing muscle loss and weakness, known as cachexia. [34] Some cancers, such as Hodgkin's disease, leukemias, and liver or kidney cancers, can cause a persistent fever. [31] Shortness of breath, called dyspnea, is a common symptom of cancer and its treatment.
The National Cancer Institute links alcohol to eight different types of cancers, even among light and moderate drinkers, including cancer of the mouth, throat, voice box, esophagus, breast, liver ...
High-risk HPVs cause cancer and consist of about twelve identified types. [10] Types 16 and 18 are responsible for causing most of HPV-caused cancers. These high-risk HPVs cause 5% of the cancers in the world. In the United States, high-risk HPVs cause 3% of all cancer cases in women and 2% in men. [87]