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The images were taken within 15–30 minutes of each other by an inmate inside Auschwitz-Birkenau, the extermination camp within the Auschwitz complex. Usually named only as Alex, a Jewish prisoner from Greece, the photographer was a member of the Sonderkommando , inmates forced to work in and around the gas chambers.
A well-known Holocaust photograph depicts three Jewish women who fought in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, took shelter in a bunker with a weapons cache, and were forced out by SS soldiers. One of the women, Bluma Wyszogrodzka (center), was shot.
Jewish women during the Holocaust were especially vulnerable to sexual abuse by their Nazi captors. [7]: 80 Women were immediately violated upon entering as "the tattooing, the removal of their hair, the invasion of their body cavities" was part of a systematic process of degradation, humiliation, and commodification."
During the Holocaust, more than a million Jews were murdered in Ukraine. Most of them were shot in mass executions by Einsatzgruppen ( death squads ) and Ukrainian collaborators . [ 2 ] In 1897, the Russian Empire Census found that there were 442 Jews (out of a population of 3,032) living in Ivanhorod , a village today in the Cherkasy Oblast ...
Of the 50,000 guards who served in the concentration camps, training records indicate that approximately 3,500 were women. [1] In 1942, the first female guards arrived at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbrück. The year after, the Nazis began conscripting women because of a shortage of male guards.
Much of the photography of the Holocaust is the work of Nazi German photographers. [7] Some originated as routine administrative procedure, such as identification photographs (); others were intended to illustrate the construction and functioning of the camps or prisoner transport. [5]
In 1995, she wrote A Partisan's Memoir: Woman of the Holocaust. [8] She was later featured in a 1999 PBS documentary, “Daring to Resist: Three Women Face the Holocaust.” [3] She is currently featured in the documentary, "Four Winters: A Story of Jewish Partisan Resistance and Bravery in WW2."
Frauen. German Women Recall the Third Reich (1994). Pine, Lisa. Nazi Family Policy, 1933–1945 (1997). Reese, Dagmar. Growing up Female in Nazi Germany (2006). Stephenson, Jill. The Nazi Organisation of Women (1981). The Competition for a Women's Lebensraum, 1928–1932, in Renate Bridenthal, Anita Grossmann and Marion Kaplan, When