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This was alarming given the history of the invasion of the Gauls in 390 BC and the "Hannibalic war"; so much so that Italy and Rome itself felt seriously threatened. [70] In 105 BC the Romans suffered one of their worst defeats in the battle of Arausio , near Orange in Transalpine Gaul; it was a tremendous defeat, almost equal to that of the ...
Alaric then invaded and took control of parts of Noricum and upper Pannonia in the spring of 408. He demanded 288,000 solidi (four thousand pounds of gold), and threatened to invade Italy if he did not get it. [44] This was equivalent to the amount of money earned in property revenue by a single senatorial family in one year. [49]
The Risorgimento movement emerged to unite Italy in the 19th century. Piedmont-Sardinia took the lead in a series of wars to liberate Italy from foreign control. Following three Wars of Italian Independence against the Habsburg Austrians in the north, the Expedition of the Thousand against the Spanish Bourbons in the south, and the Capture of Rome, the unification of the country was completed ...
Rome came under siege again after the Allied invasion of Italy and was bombed several times. It was declared an open city on 14 August 1943. Rome became the capital of the Italian Republic (established in 1946).
He feared the capture of Rome by the Lombards and the consequent loss of prestige that would follow. Between 773 and 774 Charlemagne invaded Italy. Once again the defence of the Locks was ineffective, the fault of the divisions among the Lombards. [112] Charlemagne, having prevailed against a tough resistance, captured the capital of the ...
He marched to Rome and first took Civitavecchia, and on December 31, 1494, taking advantage of a fortunate coincidence, he obtained from Pope Alexander VI a peaceful entry into the Eternal City. The pope's mistress Giulia Farnese , wife of his ally Orsino Orsini , had been taken prisoner by French soldiers while traveling from Bassanello to the ...
Most of this was unknown to the Romans at this time, who still had purely local security concerns, but the Romans were alerted when a particularly warlike tribe, [52] [53] the Senones, [53] invaded the Etruscan province of Siena from the north and attacked the town of Clusium, [54] not far from Rome's sphere of influence. The Clusians ...
The Sack of Rome, then part of the Papal States, followed the capture of Rome on 6 May 1527 by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, during the War of the League of Cognac. Charles V only intended to threaten military action to make Pope Clement VII come to his terms.