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Second, if a transversal intersects two lines so that interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary, then the lines are parallel. These follow from the previous proposition by applying the fact that opposite angles of intersecting lines are equal (Prop. 15) and that adjacent angles on a line are supplementary (Prop. 13).
A quadrilateral such as BCEF is called an adventitious quadrangle when the angles between its diagonals and sides are all rational angles, angles that give rational numbers when measured in degrees or other units for which the whole circle is a rational number. Numerous adventitious quadrangles beyond the one appearing in Langley's puzzle have ...
Transversal plane theorem for planes: Planes intersected by a transversal plane are parallel if and only if their alternate interior dihedral angles are congruent. Transversal line containment theorem: If a transversal line is contained in any plane other than the plane containing all the lines, then the plane is a transversal plane.
The puzzle asks to link all nine dots using four straight lines or fewer, without lifting the pen. The nine dots puzzle is a mathematical puzzle whose task is to connect nine squarely arranged points with a pen by four (or fewer) straight lines without lifting the pen. The puzzle has appeared under various other names over the years.
The corresponding angles formed by a transversal property, used by W. D. Cooley in his 1860 text, The Elements of Geometry, simplified and explained requires a proof of the fact that if one transversal meets a pair of lines in congruent corresponding angles then all transversals must do so. Again, a new axiom is needed to justify this statement.
The apparent triangles formed from the figures are 13 units wide and 5 units tall, so it appears that the area should be S = 13×5 / 2 = 32.5 units. However, the blue triangle has a ratio of 5:2 (=2.5), while the red triangle has the ratio 8:3 (≈2.667), so the apparent combined hypotenuse in each figure is actually bent.
An angle equal to 1 / 4 turn (90° or π / 2 radians) is called a right angle. Two lines that form a right angle are said to be normal, orthogonal, or perpendicular. [12] An angle larger than a right angle and smaller than a straight angle (between 90° and 180°) is called an obtuse angle [11] ("obtuse" meaning "blunt").
This is the earliest known version of the T-puzzle. The angles are cut at 35 degrees which makes the puzzle easier and less confusing. [4] White Rose Ceylon tea, Seeman Brothers, New York (1903). [7] This puzzle is often cited as being the oldest version of the T puzzle, [5] but Lash's Bitters puzzle predates it. [4]