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  2. Correlation does not imply causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply...

    For example, social workers might be interested in knowing how child abuse relates to academic performance. Although it would be unethical to perform an experiment in which children are randomly assigned to receive or not receive abuse, researchers can look at existing groups using a non-experimental correlational design.

  3. Research design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design

    A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question(s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...

  4. Bivariate analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivariate_analysis

    Examples are Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Kendall’s tau, Biserial correlation, and Chi-square analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient. Three important notes should be highlighted with regard to correlation: The presence of outliers can severely bias the correlation coefficient.

  5. Bivariate data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivariate_data

    Correlations between the two variables are determined as strong or weak correlations and are rated on a scale of –1 to 1, where 1 is a perfect direct correlation, –1 is a perfect inverse correlation, and 0 is no correlation. In the case of long legs and long strides, there would be a strong direct correlation. [6]

  6. Research question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_question

    Correlational studies: A correlational study is non-experimental, requiring the writer to research relationships without manipulating or randomly selecting the subjects of the research. The research question for a correlational study may look like this: What is the relationship between long-distance commuters and eating disorders?

  7. List of psychological research methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychological...

    Quantitative psychological research findings result from mathematical modeling and statistical estimation or statistical inference. The two types of research differ in the methods employed, rather than the topics they focus on. There are three main types of psychological research: Correlational research; Descriptive research; Experimental research

  8. Exploratory factor analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_factor_analysis

    The squared correlation for Step “0” (see Figure 4) is the average squared off-diagonal correlation for the unpartialed correlation matrix. On Step 1, the first principal component and its associated items are partialed out. Thereafter, the average squared off-diagonal correlation for the subsequent correlation matrix is computed for Step 1.

  9. Longitudinal study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_study

    Under longitudinal research methods, the reduction in the research sample will bias the remaining smaller sample. [ citation needed ] Practice effect is also one of the problems: longitudinal studies tend to be influenced because subjects repeat the same procedure many times (potentially introducing autocorrelation ), and this may cause their ...