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Acetic acid: ethanoic acid CH 3 CO 2 H ... 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid: HOC ... CH 3 CH=CHC 4 H 8 COOH 7-octenoic acid CH 2 =CHC 5 H 10 COOH
The reaction between menthone ((2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone) and anisaldehyde (4-methoxybenzaldehyde) is complicated due to steric shielding of the ketone group. This obstacle is overcome by using a strong base such as potassium hydroxide and a very polar solvent such as DMSO in the reaction below: [ 19 ]
The reaction consists of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen over a palladium catalyst, conducted in the gas phase. [49] 2 H 3 C−COOH + 2 C 2 H 4 + O 2 → 2 H 3 C−CO−O−CH=CH 2 + 2 H 2 O. Vinyl acetate can be polymerised to polyvinyl acetate or other polymers, which are components in paints and adhesives. [49]
At room temperature, acetaldehyde (H 3 CC(O)H) is more stable than vinyl alcohol (H 2 C=CHOH) by 42.7 kJ/mol. [3] Vinyl alcohol gas isomerizes to the aldehyde with a half-life of 30 min at room temperature. [1] H 2 C=CHOH → H 3 CC(O)H The industrial synthesis of acetaldehyde (Wacker process) proceeds via the intermediacy of a vinyl alcohol ...
The active hydrogen component has the forms: [3] Z−CH 2 −Z or Z−CHR−Z for instance diethyl malonate, Meldrum's acid, ethyl acetoacetate or malonic acid, or cyanoacetic acid. [1] Z−CHRR', for instance nitromethane. where Z is an electron withdrawing group. Z must be powerful enough to facilitate deprotonation to the enolate ion even ...
When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3. If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid ), then the prefix hydroxy- is used, [ 19 ] e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2 ...
One family of Cr(VI) reagents employs the complex CrO 3 (pyridine) 2. [3] Sarett's reagent: a solution of CrO 3 (pyridine) 2 in pyridine. It was popularized for selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds. Collins reagent is a solution of the same CrO 3 (pyridine) 2 but in dichloromethane. The Ratcliffe variant ...
To selectively form the allyl alcohol and avoid the 1,4 product, the Luche reduction uses "cerium borohydride" generated in situ from NaBH 4 and CeCl 3 (H 2 O) 7 [21] [22] The hydride source Zn(BH 4) 2 also shows 1,2 selectivity, as well as greater diastereoselectivity.