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Tension is the pulling or stretching force transmitted axially along an object such as a string, rope, chain, rod, truss member, or other object, so as to stretch or pull apart the object. In terms of force, it is the opposite of compression. Tension might also be described as the action-reaction pair of forces acting at each end of an object.
Indeed, the diagonal elements give the tension (pulling) acting on a differential area element normal to the corresponding axis. Unlike forces due to the pressure of an ideal gas, an area element in the electromagnetic field also feels a force in a direction that is not normal to the element.
Figure 2.1a Internal distribution of contact forces and couple stresses on a differential of the internal surface in a continuum, as a result of the interaction between the two portions of the continuum separated by the surface Figure 2.1b Internal distribution of contact forces and couple stresses on a differential of the internal surface in a continuum, as a result of the interaction between ...
Diagram of forces acting on a segment of a catenary from c to r. The forces are the tension T 0 at c, the tension T at r, and the weight of the chain (0, −ws). Since the chain is at rest the sum of these forces must be zero. A differential equation for the curve may be derived as follows. [50]
Simple pendulum. Since the rod is rigid, the position of the bob is constrained according to the equation f(x, y) = 0, the constraint force C is the tension in the rod. Again the non-constraint force N in this case is gravity. Newton's laws and the concept of forces are the usual starting point for teaching about mechanical systems. [5]
The right side of the equation is in effect a summation of hydrostatic effects, the divergence of deviatoric stress and body forces (such as gravity). All non-relativistic balance equations, such as the Navier–Stokes equations, can be derived by beginning with the Cauchy equations and specifying the stress tensor through a constitutive relation .
As the force in member 1 is towards the joint, the member is under compression, the force in member 4 is away from the joint so the member 4 is under tension. The length of the lines for members 1 and 4 in the diagram, multiplied with the chosen scale factor is the magnitude of the force in members 1 and 4.
An equation for the acceleration can be derived by analyzing forces. Assuming a massless, inextensible string and an ideal massless pulley, the only forces to consider are: tension force (T), and the weight of the two masses (W 1 and W 2). To find an acceleration, consider the forces affecting each individual mass.