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In geometry, the notion of a connection makes precise the idea of transporting local geometric objects, such as tangent vectors or tensors in the tangent space, along a curve or family of curves in a parallel and consistent manner. There are various kinds of connections in modern geometry, depending on what sort of data one wants to transport.
Let M be a differentiable manifold, such as Euclidean space.A vector-valued function can be viewed as a section of the trivial vector bundle. One may consider a section of a general differentiable vector bundle, and it is therefore natural to ask if it is possible to differentiate a section, as a generalization of how one differentiates a function on M.
In mathematics, and specifically differential geometry, a connection form is a manner of organizing the data of a connection using the language of moving frames and differential forms. Historically, connection forms were introduced by Élie Cartan in the first half of the 20th century as part of, and one of the principal motivations for, his ...
Then a principal-connection on is a differential 1-form on with values in the Lie algebra of which is -equivariant and reproduces the Lie algebra generators of the fundamental vector fields on . In other words, it is an element ω of Ω 1 ( P , g ) ≅ C ∞ ( P , T ∗ P ⊗ g ) {\displaystyle \Omega ^{1}(P,{\mathfrak {g}})\cong C^{\infty }(P ...
The Riemannian connection or Levi-Civita connection [9] is perhaps most easily understood in terms of lifting vector fields, considered as first order differential operators acting on functions on the manifold, to differential operators on sections of the frame bundle. In the case of an embedded surface, this lift is very simply described in ...
Symbolab is an answer engine [1] that provides step-by-step solutions to mathematical problems in a range of subjects. [2] It was originally developed by Israeli start-up company EqsQuest Ltd., under whom it was released for public use in 2011. In 2020, the company was acquired by American educational technology website Course Hero. [3] [4]
the connection is torsion-free, i.e., T ∇ is zero, so that ∇ X Y − ∇ Y X = [X, Y]; parallel transport is an isometry, i.e., the inner products (defined using g) between tangent vectors are preserved. This connection is called the Levi-Civita connection. The term "symmetric" is often used instead of torsion-free for the first property.
An Ehresmann connection drops the differential operator completely and defines a connection axiomatically in terms of the sections parallel in each direction (Ehresmann 1950). Specifically, an Ehresmann connection singles out a vector subspace of each tangent space to the total space of the fiber bundle, called the horizontal space .