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John Harington's toilet. In the 16th century, Sir John Harington invented a flush toilet as a device for Queen Elizabeth I (his godmother) that released wastes into cesspools. [71] After the adoption of gunpowder, municipal outhouses became an important source of raw material for the making of saltpeter in European countries. [72]
Here is an in-depth look at how people used medieval "toilets" during the Middle Ages, which were way crappier than we could've imagined. The post These Medieval Toilet Facts Paint the Period as ...
London had its first public toilet from early 12th century near Queenhithe. [83] Most toilets in London in this period emptied into cesspits, which were supposed to be emptied regularly, but there was a toilet in the Palace of Westminster connected to a sewer from 1307. [84] Cesspits and sewers often leaked into rivers, either by design or by ...
Ruins of octagonal lavatorium at Wenlock Priory. All monastic orders required handwashing before meals. A lavatorium was therefore provided near the refectory, [1] either against one wall of the cloister with a long trench basin, or as a free-standing building with a circular or octagonal basin in the centre. [2]
Archaeologists discovered 11 toilets (not pictured) dating back to the mid-1800s, along with artifacts. Teams sifted through 5-foot deep pits, finding a cow bone , a shell and a pocket watch ...
Nowadays, the word "toilet" is more commonly used than "latrine", except when referring to simple systems like "pit latrines" or "trench latrines". [3] The use of latrines was a major advancement in sanitation over more basic practices such as open defecation, and helped control the spread of many waterborne diseases. However, unsafe defecation ...
Middle Ages – Lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and is variously demarcated by historians as ending with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, or the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492, merging into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery .
Toilet chair. A close stool was an early type of portable toilet, made in the shape of a cabinet or box at sitting height with an opening in the top.The external structure contained a pewter or earthenware chamberpot to receive the user's excrement and urine when they sat on it; this was normally covered (closed) by a folding lid.