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The equation modifies the ideal gas law in two ways: first, it considers particles to have a finite diameter (whereas an ideal gas consists of point particles); second, its particles interact with each other (unlike an ideal gas, whose particles move as though alone in the volume). The equation is named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik ...
The ideal gas equation can be rearranged to give an expression for the molar volume of an ideal gas: = = Hence, for a given temperature and pressure, the molar volume is the same for all ideal gases and is based on the gas constant: R = 8.314 462 618 153 24 m 3 ⋅Pa⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1, or about 8.205 736 608 095 96 × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅atm⋅K ...
The van der Waals equation of state is the simplest and best-known modification of the ideal gas law to account for the behaviour of real gases: (+ (~)) (~) =, where p is pressure, n is the number of moles of the gas in question and a and b depend on the particular gas, ~ is the volume, R is the specific gas constant on a unit mole basis and T ...
The area required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The vector area is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, A , and a unit vector normal to the area, n ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}} .
At ambient pressure, P=0 GPA is known, so, the volume, pressure, and temperature are all given. Then, authors [9] predict the pressure value from the given (V, T) from pressure-dependent thermal expansion equation of state. The predicted pressures match with the known experimental value of 0 GPa, see in Figure 2.
This may be written in the following form, known as the Ostwald–Freundlich equation: =, where is the actual vapour pressure, is the saturated vapour pressure when the surface is flat, is the liquid/vapor surface tension, is the molar volume of the liquid, is the universal gas constant, is the radius of the droplet, and is temperature.
Conversely, decreasing temperature would also make some water condense, again making the final volume deviating from predicted by the ideal gas law. Therefore, gas volume may alternatively be expressed excluding the humidity content: V d (volume dry). This fraction more accurately follows the ideal gas law. On the contrary, V s (volume ...
The equation is named after Edward Wight Washburn; [1] also known as Lucas–Washburn equation, considering that Richard Lucas [2] wrote a similar paper three years earlier, or the Bell-Cameron-Lucas-Washburn equation, considering J.M. Bell and F.K. Cameron's discovery of the form of the equation in 1906.