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Mallory–Weiss syndrome is a condition where high intra-abdominal pressures causes laceration and bleeding of the mucosa called Mallory-Weiss tears. [1] Additionally, Mallory–Weiss syndrome is one of the most common causes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding , counting of around 1-15% of all cases in adults and less than 5% in children.
[3] [4] A related condition is Mallory-Weiss syndrome which is only a mucosal tear. A common site of iatrogenic perforation is the cervical esophagus just above the upper sphincter, whereas spontaneous rupture as seen in Boerhaave syndrome perforation commonly occurs in the lower third of the esophagus. [5]
George Kenneth Mallory (February 14, 1900 – April 8, 1986) was an American pathologist chiefly remembered for describing the Mallory–Weiss tear. He was born in Boston , Massachusetts on 14 February 1900, the son of Frank Burr Mallory .
Mallory-Weiss tear; Gastric causes: Gastric ulcer; Gastric cancer; Gastritis; Gastric varices; Gastric antral vascular ectasia; Dieulafoy's lesions; Duodenal causes: Duodenal ulcer; Vascular malformation, including aorto-enteric fistulae. Fistulae are usually secondary to prior vascular surgery and usually occur at the proximal anastomosis at ...
The double bronchial wall sign is best visualized on CT, which provides high-resolution images of the mediastinal structures. The double bronchial wall sign is commonly seen in the central bronchi, particularly in the trachea or mainstem bronchi, where air is more likely to outline the structures.
Pneumomediastinum can also be characterized by the shortness of breath that is typical of a respiratory system problem. It is often recognized on auscultation by a "crunching" sound timed with the cardiac cycle (Hamman's crunch). Pneumomediastinum may also present with symptoms mimicking cardiac tamponade as a result of the increased ...
Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
Mallory–Weiss syndrome: bleeding tears in the esophagal mucosa, usually caused by prolonged and vigorous retching. [4] Vomiting of ingested blood after bleeding in the mouth, nose, or throat. [4] Tumors of the stomach or esophagus. [4] Irritation or erosion of the lining of the esophagus or stomach. Radiation poisoning. Viral hemorrhagic fevers.