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Epistemic closure [1] is a property of some belief systems.It is the principle that if a subject knows , and knows that entails, then can thereby come to know .Most epistemological theories involve a closure principle and many skeptical arguments assume a closure principle.
Open theism, also known as openness theology, [1] is a theological movement that has developed within Christianity as a rejection of the synthesis of Greek philosophy and Christian theology. [2] It is a version of free will theism [ 3 ] and arises out of the free will theistic tradition of the church, which goes back to the early church fathers ...
Three Essays on Religion: Nature, the Utility of Religion, and Theism is an 1874 book by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, published posthumously by his stepdaughter Helen Taylor, who also wrote the introduction.
Classical theism is the form of theism that describes God as the Absolute Being. Central insights of classical theistic theology includes emanationism and divine simplicity. [12] [13] Classical theistic traditions can be observed in major religions and philosophies, such as Sufism in Islam, Vaishnavism in Hinduism, Sikhism in general, and ...
The Kalam cosmological argument was influenced by the concept of the prime mover, introduced by Aristotle.It originates in the works of theologian and philosopher John Philoponus (490–570 AD) [10] and was developed substantially under the medieval Islamic scholastic tradition during the Islamic Golden Age.
Douglas Pratt further defines exclusivism, dividing it into three subdivisions – open, closed and extreme. Citing t’Hooft and Kraemer, Pratt says open exclusivism, while never ceding the superior position, ‘may at least be amenably disposed toward the other,’ if only in order to know Them well enough for possible conversion.
Sanders situates open theism as a form of freewill theism which goes back to the early church fathers and in Protestantism, it is prominent in the Arminian-Wesleyan traditions. [16] In freewill theism God does not micromanage the creation, as is the case in theological determinism, but instead exercises “general sovereignty” by which God ...
There are different reconstructions of Plantinga’s argument across the literature, for example Graham Oppy's above, Jordan Sobel's from his book Logic and Theism, [52] Joshua Rasmussen's from his book chapter Plantinga, [53] or Gregory Stacey's from his paper Modal Ontological Arguments [54].